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Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan political philosopher from the 18th Century. Below are his proposals based on what he believes to be an ideal society: an illiberal democracy.
All quotations are taken from Of The Social Contract (Rousseau, 1762)
Important: the "general will" does not mean 'the will of all', but instead simply the 'common interest'. It is possible for individuals who have internalised doubts about the general will to still outwardly comply, and thus not actively challenge the stability of society.
The body politic cannot impose binding rules upon itself, nor can it alienate a part of itself, for this threatens the unity of the body.
The problem is to find an association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.
if the individuals retained certain rights, as there would be no common superior to decide between them and the public, each being on one point his own judge, would ask to be so on all; the state of nature would thus continue, and the associatiom would necessarily become inoperative or tyrannical.
As soon as the multitude is so united in one body, it is impossible to offend against one of the members without attacking the body, and still more to offend against the body without the members resenting it.
Finally, each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody... he gains an equivalent for everything he loses
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